Munguva pfupi yapfuura, National Development uye Reform Commission uye neInstitute of Information and Information Technology vakazivisa kuti vacharonga kuongorora kwenyika "kutarisa kumashure" kwesimbi yekudzikisa simbi uye kudzikisa simbi isina kubikwa muna 2021. Pakutanga, Xiao Yaqing, Gurukota rezvemaindasitiri Ruzivo Technology, zvakare yati yakatenderedza iyo "mbiri kabhoni" chinangwa, zvinofanirwa kudzikisira kudzikisa kuburitswa kwesimbi isina kuchena. Pakati pemakore mashanu ekuderedza kugona kwekugadzira, indasitiri yesimbi iri kutarisana neshanduko nyowani nematambudziko.
Makore mashanu-ekutsvedza "tarisa kumashure"
"Kutanga kubva muna 2016, zvinotora makore mashanu kudzikisa simba rekugadzira simbi yakasviba nematani emamiriyoni zana kusvika pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu." Ichi ndicho chinangwa chebasa chakatemwa kare mu "Pfungwa dze State Council nezveKugadzirisa Yakawandisa Unyanzvi mu Iron uye Simbi Indasitiri Kuona Kuoma Kwekusimudzira.
Musi waKurume 1, Xiao Yaqing akaunza mumusangano wevatori venhau kuti kubvira 2016, zano re "kubviswa katatu, kuderedzwa kumwe uye kuwedzera kumwe" kwave nekufambira mberi kwakakosha mukuderedza kugona kwesimbi, iyo yakatotsikirira 170 mamirioni ematani esimbi yekugadzira simbi. Izvo zvinonzwisiswa kuti iyo yakazara isina kugadzirwa simbi yekugadzira kugona iyo yabva kubva ku "zombie mabhizinesi" yasvika mamirioni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu nematanhatu.
Kuti ndiite zvirinani nhanho inotevera yekudzikisa kugona, muna 2021, shanduro nyowani yenyika yangu yekumisikidza simbi inokwanisa yekutsiva matanho uye mafirita esimbi uye mamwe magwaro akakosha achapihwa kuona kuti huwandu hwesimbi yekugadzira hushoma hunongodzikiswa. .
Kudzora iyo yekutsiva chiyero inzira yakakosha yekuzadzisa iyo organic mubatanidzwa wekurambidzwa kweye nyowani yekugadzira kugona uye dhizaini kugadzirisa. Sekureva kwedata, kubva kuitwa kweIye Implementation Measure yeCapacity Replacement muIni neSimbi Indasitiri muna2018, kubva muna2020, mamirioni 16.25 ematani esimbi yekugadzira kugona yakabviswa, ine mambure kubuda kwemamiriyoni makumi matatu nematanhatu ematani, iine huwandu kubuda kwehuwandu hwe1.15: 1.
Kubatanidzwa nekubatanidzwazve kuri kufambira mberi zvakatsiga. Gore rapfuura, China Baowu zvakateedzana yakarongedza Maanshan Iron uye Simbi uye Chongqing Iron neSimbi kuwedzera ndima yayo. Jiangsu Xuzhou anoronga optimize uye nokusangana 18 simbi uye simbi emakambani kuumba 2 pamwero mukuru simbi uye simbi conglomerates mukati megore, uye kuzadzisa kudzikiswa kweanopfuura 30% musimbi yekugadzira kugona muna 2020.
Chinangwa chemberi chekuwedzeredza kugona kwakakwanisika. "Kudzokororazve" kwegore rino kwesimbi yekudzikiswa kwesimbi inozotarisa kuongororwa kwekuitwa kwesimbi yekushomeka kwebasa uye kugadzirisa munzvimbo dzese dzakakodzera kubvira 2016. Chinokosha kugadzirisa huwandu hwesimbi hwekugadzira kugona uye kupwanya "matunhu". Iko kudzima uye kubvisa kweyekunyungudisa michina inobatanidzwa mu "Simbi".
Qin Yuan, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi, akaudza mutori wenhau kubva kuBeijing Business Daily kuti munzira yekudzikisa kugona kwesimbi mumakore mashanu apfuura, "simbi yepasi" yakabviswa uye yakabviswa zvachose kubva pamusika. Uye zvakare, mamwe e "zombie simbi makambani" akajekeswa, uye chimwe chikamu chakamutswazve mushure mekubatanidzwa. Iko kusungirirwa kweindasitiri yesimbi kwakaramba kuchiwedzera, uye zvinhu uye zvikwereti zvemakambani mazhinji esimbi zvakagadziridzwa nekugadziriswa.
Kunyangwe paine mhedzisiro iri pachena, iyo Development and Reform Commission uye Ministry of Industry and Information Technology vakaratidzawo munhau kuti kumwe kupokana kwakadzika mumaindasitiri hakugadziriswe zvachose. Panguva imwecheteyo, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwebhenefiti yeindasitiri yesimbi, dzimwe nzvimbo nemabhizinesi vane chishuwo chekungovaka mapurojekiti esimbi, uye kusimbisa kubudirira kwekudzikisa kugona kuri kutarisana nematambudziko matsva. Chinangwa cheiri basa ndechekutungamira makambani esimbi kuti asiye nzira yakakura yekuvandudza yekuhwina nehuwandu uye kusimudzira kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro indasitiri yesimbi.
Nezve matambudziko asara, Qin Yuan akaongorora kuti nekubviswa kwemabhizinesi asina kunaka, purofiti yeindasitiri yese iri kuvandudzika, uye chishuwo chemabhizinesi ekuwedzera kugadzirwa chakasimba. Kunyangwe hazvo maitiro ekubatanidza ari kusimukira, zvinorevawo kuti kusangana kunova kwakaoma.
Zvinonzwisisika kuti basa iri rinobatawo kuvaka nekumisikidza mapurojekiti ekunyungurutsa simbi, pamwe nekumisikidza kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanikwa mukuwongorora kwakapfuura. Uye gore rino rakafumuka simbi kuburitsa basa rekudzikisa basa rinotarisa pakuderedza simbi isina kubikwa yesimbi yemakambani ane hushoma mashandiro ezvemamiriro ekunze, simba rakakura rekushandisa, uye neanodzokera kumashure matekinoroji emidziyo, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yenyika isina kuchena simbi inoburitsa muna 2021 inodonha gore- pa-gore.
Wedzera kugadzirwa uchidzikisa kugadzirwa kwekugona
Kunyangwe hazvo simbi yekugadzira inokwenenzverwa, Lange Simbi inofungidzira kuti nyika simbi yekushandisa kudiwa ichaenderera ichikura muna 2021, uye chidimbu cheChina chesimbi chisina kuchena chegore rose chinogona kusvika matani 1,1 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kweinenge 5% kupfuura gore rapfuura. Dhata kubva kuNational Bureau ye Statistics yakaratidzawo kuti kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kukadzi, yekumba yenguruve kuburitsa simbi yakawedzera ne6.4% gore-ne-gore, uye isina kuchena simbi yakaburitswa yakawedzera ne12,9% gore-ne-gore.
Ipo ichidzikisa kugona kwekugadzira ichiri kuwedzera kugadzirwa, zvinoita kunge "denderedzwa risinganzwisisike". Panyaya iyi, Xiao Yaqing akati kukurumidza kugadzirisa hupfumi, kutangazve kwebasa uye kugadzirwa, uye kudiwa kwekuvakwa muminda yakasiyana siyana kune kudiwa kukuru kwazvo kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye zvekubatsira, kusanganisira simbi. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo chaiyo yekushandisa pamunhu simbi ichiri muchiitiko chekuvandudza ichienzaniswa nehupfumi hwakazara, uye kuchine nzvimbo yakawanda yekusimudzira mukuda kwekuvaka nekutakura mota.
Mubvunzurudzo nemutori wenhau kubva kuBeijing Bhizinesi Mazuva ese, Cheng Yu, mutsvagiri mukuru weInstitute of Understanding, akaongorora kuti kudzikiswa kwesimba kwakapedzwa nekuwedzera kwekudiwa. Pasi pekusimudzirwa kwekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye mota maindasitiri, kudiwa kwesimbi kuchiri kwakasimba, izvo zvakare zvinogadzira kugadzirwa kwezvigayo zvesimbi. Kuti uwedzere kudyara mune iri nani purofiti nharaunda, zvisina basa kugadzirwa kugona kuchabviswa pamberi penguva.
Uye gore rino, kutsiva zvikanganiso pamwe nekudyara kwezvivakwa zvichashandawo senzvimbo yekutanga yekutangisa kusimukira kwehupfumi, uye kudyara kwezvivakwa kucharamba kuchikura, izvo zvakare zvichagonesa China yekushandisa simbi yekushandisa kuramba ichisimbisa muna 2021. Qin Yuan inotendawo kuti mutengo wazvino wesimbi uchiri kukwira, uye marongero ari kudzikisira mutero wekutumira kunze uye kuwedzera kutengeswa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mudzimba.
Pamusoro pekudiwa kwemusika, isu tinofanirwa zvakare kuona kutengeswa kwemusika. Chen Kexin, muongorori mukuru weLange Steel Economic Research Center, akamboongorora kuti chikonzero nei goho regore rino rinotarisirwa kuramba richikura ndiyo ichangowedzerwa yepamusoro yekugadzira simbi kugona mumakore apfuura. Muna 2021, mamwe emapurojekiti matsva ekugona achaiswa mukugadzirwa imwe mushure meimwe, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti kuchazove nemakumi emamiriyoni ematani. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiyero chekushandisa chinzvimbo chiri kuramba chichiwedzera, kuitira kuti gore rino rekuwedzera kwekuwedzera riine nzvimbo nyowani.
Mitsva mitsva pasi pe "mbiri kabhoni" chinangwa
Kuti uwane zvinangwa zve "kabhoni peaking" uye "kabhoni kusarerekera", pakupera kwaZvita gore rapfuura, Xiao Yaqing akaburitsa pachena kuNational Industry uye Informatization Working Musangano kuti chinangwa chekukwirisa kabhoni uye kusarerekera kabhoni pane kuiswa kweindasitiri yakaderera-kabhoni zviito uye Green yekugadzira mainjiniya. Seindasitiri inoshandisa simba zvakanyanya, indasitiri yesimbi inofanirwa kugadzirisa zvakashata simbi isina kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chegore-gore-kuderera kwesimbi isina kubikwa.
Mukuona kwaQin Yuan, kumanikidzwa kune indasitiri yesimbi pasi pechinangwa che "huviri kabhoni" kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakasiyana: "Panyaya yekukwira kabhoni, kumanikidza kwacho kunogona kusanyanya. Nekutsiva kwemaitiro mapfupi kune marefu maitiro, zvinonyatso kubatsira. Carbon emission kudzikisira. Mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, kuchine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudzora mweya wetsvina, ndosaka makambani mazhinji esimbi akamisikidza kabhoni yepamusoro nguva isati yakwana 2030. "
Zvinonzi "Steel Industry Carbon Peak uye Carbon Reduction Action Plan" yakagadzira yakadzokororwa uye yakagadziridzwa dhizaini, uye iyo indasitiri kabhoni yepamusoro tarisiro inotanga kumisikidzwa se: pamberi pa2025, iyo indasitiri indasitiri ichazadzisa yepamusoro carbon kabhoni; panosvika 2030, indasitiri yesimbi ichave iine kabhoni. 30% yakaderera kupfuura iyo yepamusoro kukosha, inofungidzirwa kuti mamirioni mazana mana nemakumi maviri ematani emweya kabhoni achaderedzwa.
Qin Yuan anotenda kuti kusarerekera kabhoni kunoisa kumanikidza pane indasitiri yesimbi. “Kuburitsa kabhoni kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi kwenguva yakareba hakudziviriki. Izvi zvinoda kukwidziridzwa kwakakura kwazvo kwemaindasitiri esimbi maitiro. Asi nekuda kwekuti nguva inguva yakanonoka, zvinoenderana neindasitiri yesimbi mukuita kwekuzadza misoro yekabhoni. Zvinhu zvakamira sei? ” Qin Yuan akaudza mutori wenhau kubva kuBeijing Business Daily.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti indasitiri yesimbi mukuita kwe de-kugona ichiri yakakura uye iri pasi pekumanikidzwa. Panguva ya2021 (Gumi nembiri) China Iron and Steel Development Forum yakaitwa mazuva mashoma apfuura, Hu Wenrui, mudzidzisi weChinese Academy yeUinjiniya, akasimbisawo achiti: "Indasitiri yesimbi neyesimbi ndiro indasitiri ine utsi hwakakura pakati pevane 31 Mapato ekugadzira, anoita zvikamu gumi neshanu muzana zvemweya wese. ”
Izvo zvinonzwisiswa kuti kunyangwe hazvo nyika yangu kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inoburitsa patani yesimbi yave kudzikira, huwandu hwacho hwuchiri hukuru. Xiao Yaqing akataura kare kuti pari zvino svutugadzike yenyika marasha anoshandiswa patani yesimbi ndeye 575kg yemarasha akaenzana, achienzaniswa ne545kg kuChina. Nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hweChina, kuchine mukana wekutorwa maererano nesimba rekuchengetedza pamwe nekuderedza kusvibiswa.
Iyo "Simbi Indasitiri Carbon Peak neCarbon Reduction Action Plan" inonyatsotaura kuti kune nzira shanu dzakakura dzekuzadzisa simbi indasitiri yekabhoni yepamusoro zvinangwa, zvinoti, kusimudzira magadzirirwo egirini, kuchengetedza simba uye kugona kwesimba, kugadzirisa simba kwesimba uye maitiro maitiro, uye kuvaka yakakomberedza hupfumi maindasitiri cheni. Uye shandisa budiriro yakaderera-kabhoni tekinoroji.
Cheng Yu akataura kuti pasi pechishuvo che "huviri kabhoni", indasitiri yesimbi inoda kugara ichichinja chimiro chesimba uye kugona kwesimba, asi panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinjisa chimiro chesimba kunorevawo kushandura metallurgical process, inova mari hombe. Mazhinji emagetsi ekugadzira ayo aimbove anokwanisa asi asati adzikiswa zvakakwana anozobviswa zvekare, saka kubatsirwa kwezvigayo zvesimbi kuchiri kusangana nematambudziko.
Post nguva: Chivabvu-13-2021